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Mostrar mensagens com a etiqueta Misc. Mostrar todas as mensagens

sábado, 21 de fevereiro de 2015

Um homem rico, sentindo-se morrer, pediu papel e pena, e escreveu:

“Deixo os meus bens a minha irmã não a meu sobrinho jamais será paga a conta do alfaiate nada aos pobres”


Morreu antes de pontuar o texto! A quem deixaria ele a fortuna?

* À irmã? 
* Ao sobrinho? 
* Ao alfaiate?
* Aos pobres?


O juíz estudava o caso, quando chegaram os pobres da cidade. 
Um deles, tomando o original, fez esta pontuação:

“Deixo os meus bens à minha irmã? Não! Ao meu sobrinho? Jamais! Será paga a conta do alfaiate? Nada! Aos pobres”


A irmã pontuou-o da seguinte maneira:

"Deixo os meus bens a minha irmã. Não a meu sobrinho! Jamais será paga a conta do alfaiate! Nada aos pobres..."


O sobrinho, por sua vez...

"Deixo os meus bens a minha irmã? Não! A meu sobrinho. Jamais será paga a conta do alfaiate. Nada aos pobres."


O Alfaiate...
"Deixo os meus bens a minha irmã? Não! A meu sobrinho? Jamais! Será paga a conta do alfaiate... Nada aos pobres."



De facto, a pontuação dá sentido ao texto...

domingo, 18 de janeiro de 2015


Edmund Harriss
Math, as it turns out, can be astonishingly beautiful. Edmund Harriss, a mathematics professor at the University of Arkansas came up with this new spiral using the golden ratio, which is 1.618.

domingo, 11 de janeiro de 2015

The 10 Best Books of 2014, According to Everyone

Year-end “best of” lists are great for things like pop culture moments, celebrity snafus, or provocative photographs. But when it comes to a best-of list for books, you’re not looking for cheap entertainment or nostalgia as you click through. You want to know what you should have been reading during those commutes you spent scrolling through Instagram or playing Candy Crush.
A book is an investment, both of time and money. And while everyone—from blogging bibliophiles to The New York Times—is entitled to their opinion, the number of best-of lists out there and the variance among them has left us wondering just what books are worth bringing with us into the new year.
To find “the best of the best ofs,” we decided not only to aggregate a sampling of lists, but also to assign points based on the selectivity of each list. We used the following formula:
100 / # of books in a given list = points awarded to each book in that list
For example, when a book was featured on a Top 100 list, it received 1 point. But if it made a Top 10 list, received 10 points. So if a book made the cut for a shorter list, it was rewarded. The more lists a book made, the more points it accumulated. Many of the lists we used didn’t assign rankings or declare an overall best, so we didn’t assign weight to those that did.
After we gathered from the essentials (Amazon, Publishers Weekly, Goodreads, The National Book Awards), we threw in a few blogs and national publications and tallied up the scores. Thus, the following 10 books are those that made the highest number of lists, and especially the selective ones.
So whether it’s your New Year’s resolution to do more reading or you have an Amazon gift card burning a hole in your pocket, these are the books from last year that everyone was—and will continue to be—reading.
all-the-light-we-cannot-seeAll The Light We Cannot See by Anthony Doerr
Score: 64.286
Why it stands out: The No. 1 bestseller in the US for the first week of 2015, All The Light We Cannot See tells the stories of two young people living in France during World War II. The main characters are each blinded, be it by cataracts or Nazi propaganda, and Doerr examines the ways in which the voice of a stranger can guide or misguide. Partly inspired by today’s ubiquitous cell phone service that we too often take for granted, Doerr’s novel is also a commentary on the magic of radio.
StationElevenStation Eleven by Emily St. John Mandel
Score: 51.992
Why it stands out: “My fourth novel is about a traveling Shakespearean theatre company in a post-apocalyptic North America,” Emily St. John Mandel claims on her website. After the “Georgia Flu” wipes out civilization, the theater troupe trudges across the wasteland bringing art into the lives of fellow survivors. But the post-apocalyptic world isn’t exempt from new threats, despite hope for rebirth. Station Eleven jumps back and forth in time and weaves threads between characters to illustrate how, even at the end of the world, the human connection prevails.


A Brief History of Seven KillingsA Brief History of Seven Killings by Marlon James
Score: 43.7
Why it stands out: This novel spans political violence in Jamaica in the 1970s, New York City’s crack wars in the 1980s, and so much more. Marlon James delves into the attempted assassination of Bob Marley as well as the country’s clandestine Cold War battles, following several fictional characters who encounter these real events. Critics rave about James’ mastery of both oral history storytelling and patois dialect, and his ability to craft and juggle perspectives that often contradict and obscure the truth. With comparisons to the works of David Foster Wallace and Quentin Tarantino, James has garnered the highest of contemporary praise.
redeploymentRedeployment by Phil Klay
Score: 41.0
Why it stands out: Based on his own experiences as a Marine in the Iraq War, Phil Klay’s collection of short stories explores the challenges of re-assimilating into life back home. He doesn’t just relay stories of his deployment; he relays the myriad ways in which average Americans react when he tells them about it. Dexter Filkins, a New York Times journalist who covered the war, deemed Redeployment “the best thing written so far on what the war did to people’s souls.” It also won the 2014 National Book Award for fiction.
TheSixthExtinctionThe Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History by Elizabeth Kolbert
Score: 39.0
Why it stands out: This work of nonfiction postulates a modern-day mass-extinction, triggered by the human race and its ecological irresponsibility (rather than, say, a massive volcanic eruption). From climate change to wilderness destruction, Elizabeth Kolbert explains the cognitive dissonance that ensues when a species is evolved enough to create such disruption and also realize what they’re doing. If Kolbert’salarming thesis doesn’t entice you, her dry sense of humor and accounts of her travels—from the Bikini Atoll to the Andes to her own backyard—will keep you hooked.
The Bone ClocksThe Bone Clocks by David Mitchell
Score: 35.549
Why it stands out: The author of Cloud Atlas is back with another book told in six semi-disparate segments that build in surprising ways. David Mitchell aptly portrays the minds of a multitude of characters: a psychic teenage girl who runs away from home, a Cambridge student, an Iraq war reporter. He also leaps into multiple future years, later shifting into reverse to connect them to their fictional pasts. NPR went as far as to say that Mitchell has a “mastery over what feels like the entire world and all its inhabitants.”
The Empathy ExamsThe Empathy Exams: Essays by Leslie Jamison
Score: 32.692
Why it stands out: Leslie Jamison studies empathy from numerous angles, shedding light how we experience our own pain and the pain of others—physical or emotional, real or performed. From working as a medical actor hired to quiz med students on symptoms, to running alongside ultramarathoners, Jamison has gone to extremes for these essays. In them, she also draws on personal encounters with illness, and she even discusses reality TV, exposing the ins and outs of what it means to feel in today’s complex society.
LilaLila by Marilynne Robinson
Score: 28.692
Why it stands out: A drifter named Doll rescues a neglected toddler, whom she names Lila. As an adult, Lila takes shelter from the rain in a church, whose minister later baptizes her and eventually becomes her husband. But one morning, Lila goes out to the river and essentially un-baptizes herself. Leslie Jamison, author of The Empathy Exams (above), wrote for The Atlantic: “Robinson resists the notion of love as an easy antidote to a lifetime of suffering or solitude, suggesting that intimacy can’t intrude on loneliness without some measure of pain.”
Big Little LiesBig Little Lies by Liane Moriarty
Score: 25.286
Why it stands out: Read this one before it’s time to binge-watch it: In November, Reese Witherspoon and Nicole Kidman signed on to develop a TV series adaptation of the book. It’s the story of three mothers whose children attend Pirriwee Public primary school, where one night at an after-school event, chaos erupts. One parent winds up dead, but it’s unclear whether it’s by accident or murder. Overall, the book comments on the lies women tell themselves and others in order to uphold a perfect image.
We Were LiarsWe Were Liars by E. Lockhart
Score: 25.286
Why it stands out: Filled with suspense, this mystery novel has a surprising twist at the end—one so unexpected that some reviewers barely mention it for fear of sparking spoilers. Its teenage narrator uses fairy tales to describe situations. The characters are self-absorbed, wealthy WASPs on an island off Martha’s Vineyard, and The LA Times calls it “a classic story of decaying aristocracy and the way that privilege can often hamstring more than help.” It’s also a King Lear allegory, if you’re into that sort of thing.

terça-feira, 6 de janeiro de 2015



Hubble goes high-def to revisit the iconic "Pillars of Creation"

The space telescope has captured a new visible-light portrait of the Eagle Nebula nearly 20 years later as well as a version in the near-infrared.
RELATED TOPICS: STARS | NEBULAE | HUBBLE | HUBBLE TELESCOPE
Pillars of Creation in 1995 and 2014
NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has taken a bigger and sharper photograph of the iconic Eagle Nebula's "Pillars of Creation," shown at right. The original 1995 Hubble image of the gaseous towers, taken with Hubble’s Wide Field Planetary Camera 2, is shown at left.
left: NASA/ESA/STScI/J. Hester and P. Scowen (Arizona State University); right: NASA/ESA/The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)
Although NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has taken many breathtaking images of the universe, one snapshot stands out from the rest: the iconic view of the so-called "Pillars of Creation." The jaw-dropping photo, taken in 1995, revealed never-before-seen details of three giant columns of cold gas bathed in the scorching ultraviolet light from a cluster of massive young stars in a small region of the Eagle Nebula (M16).

Though such butte-like features are common in star-forming regions, the M16 structures are by far the most photogenic and evocative. The Hubble image is so popular that it has appeared in movies and television shows, on t-shirts and pillows, and even on a postage stamp.
Hubble's "Pillars of Creation" in near-infrared
This NASA Hubble Space Telescope image, taken in near-infrared light, transforms the pillars into eerie, wispy silhouettes, which are seen against a background of myriad stars. The near-infrared light can penetrate much of the gas and dust, revealing stars behind the nebula as well as hidden away inside the pillars. Some of the gas and dust clouds are so dense that even the near-infrared light cannot penetrate them. New stars embedded in the tops of the pillars, however, are apparent as bright sources that are unseen in the visible image.
NASA/ESA/The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)
And now, in celebration of its 25th anniversary, Hubble has revisited the famous pillars, providing astronomers with a sharper and wider view. As a bonus, the pillars have been photographed in near-infrared light, as well as visible light. The infrared view transforms the pillars into eerie, wispy silhouettes seen against a background of myriad stars. That's because the infrared light penetrates much of the gas and dust, except for the densest regions of the pillars. Newborn stars can be seen hidden away inside the pillars. The new images are being unveiled at the American Astronomical Society meeting in Seattle.

Although the original image was dubbed the Pillars of Creation, the new image hints that they are also pillars of destruction. "I'm impressed by how transitory these structures are. They are actively being ablated away before our very eyes. The ghostly bluish haze around the dense edges of the pillars is material getting heated up and evaporating away into space. We have caught these pillars at a very unique and short-lived moment in their evolution," explained Paul Scowen of Arizona State University in Tempe, who, with astronomer Jeff Hester, formerly of Arizona State University, led the original Hubble observations of the Eagle Nebula.

The infrared image shows that the reason the pillars exist is because the very ends of them are dense, and they shadow the gas below them, creating the long, pillar-like structures. The gas in between the pillars has long since been blown away by the ionizing winds from the central star cluster located above the pillars.

At the top edge of the left-hand pillar, a gaseous fragment has been heated up and is flying away from the structure, underscoring the violent nature of star-forming regions. "These pillars represent a very dynamic, active process," Scowen said. "The gas is not being passively heated up and gently wafting away into space. The gaseous pillars are actually getting ionized (a process by which electrons are stripped off of atoms) and heated up by radiation from the massive stars. And then they are being eroded by the stars' strong winds (barrage of charged particles), which are sandblasting away the tops of these pillars."
Hubble's 2014 "Pillars of Creation"
NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has revisited the famous Pillars of Creation, revealing a sharper and wider view of the structures in this visible-light image. Astronomers combined several Hubble exposures to assemble the wider view. The towering pillars are about 5 light-years tall. The dark, finger-like feature at bottom right may be a smaller version of the giant pillars. The new image was taken with Hubble's versatile and sharp-eyed Wide Field Camera 3.
NASA/ESA/The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)
When Scowen and Hester used Hubble to make the initial observations of the Eagle Nebula in 1995, astronomers had seen the pillar-like structures in ground-based images, but not in detail. They knew that the physical processes are not unique to the Eagle Nebula because star birth takes place across the universe. But at a distance of just 6,500 light-years, M16 is the most dramatic nearby example, as the team soon realized.

As Scowen was piecing together the Hubble exposures of the Eagle, he was amazed at what he saw. "I called Jeff Hester on his phone and said, 'You need to get here now,'" Scowen recalled. "We laid the pictures out on the table, and we were just gushing because of all the incredible detail that we were seeing for the very first time."

The first features that jumped out at the team in 1995 were the streamers of gas seemingly floating away from the columns. Astronomers had previously debated what effect nearby massive stars would have on the surrounding gas in stellar nurseries. "There is only one thing that can light up a neighborhood like this: massive stars kicking out enough horsepower in ultraviolet light to ionize the gas clouds and make them glow," Scowen said. "Nebulous star-forming regions like M16 are the interstellar neon signs that say, 'We just made a bunch of massive stars here.' This was the first time we had directly seen observational evidence that the erosionary process, not only the radiation but the mechanical stripping away of the gas from the columns, was actually being seen."

By comparing the 1995 and 2014 pictures, astronomers also noticed a lengthening of a narrow jet-like feature that may have been ejected from a newly forming star. The jet looks like a stream of water from a garden hose. Over the intervening 19 years, this jet has stretched farther into space, across an additional 60 billion miles, at an estimated speed of about 450,000 mph.

Our Sun probably formed in a similar turbulent star-forming region. There is evidence that the forming solar system was seasoned with radioactive shrapnel from a nearby supernova. That means that our Sun was formed as part of a cluster that included stars massive enough to produce powerful ionizing radiation, such as is seen in the Eagle Nebula. "That's the only way the nebula from which the Sun was born could have been exposed to a supernova that quickly, in the short period of time that represents, because supernovae only come from massive stars, and those stars only live a few tens of millions of years," Scowen explained. "What that means is when you look at the environment of the Eagle Nebula or other star-forming regions, you're looking at exactly the kind of nascent environment that our Sun formed in."



segunda-feira, 5 de janeiro de 2015

Grande foto: cristal de neve




Viewpoint: Imaginary Magnetic Fields in the Real World

Imaginary magnetic fields predicted by the fundamental theory of phase transitions can be realized
experimentally.

Published Mon Jan 05, 2015

fonte: http://physics.aps.org/articles/v8/2?referer=rss

Neil deGrasse Tyson Selects the Eight Books Every Intelligent Person on the Planet Should Read

by 
How to “glean profound insight into most of what has driven the history of the western world.”
In December of 2011, Neil deGrasse Tyson — champion of sciencecelebrator of the cosmic perspectivemaster of the soundbite — participated in Reddit’sAsk Me Anything series of public questions and answers. One reader posed the following question: “Which books should be read by every single intelligent person on the planet?” Adding to history’s notable reading lists — including those by Leo TolstoyAlan TuringBrian EnoDavid BowieStewart Brand, and Carl Sagan — Tyson offers the following eight essentials, each followed by a short, and sometimes wry, statement about “how the book’s content influenced the behavior of people who shaped the western world”:
  1. The Bible (public libraryfree ebook), to learn that it’s easier to be told by others what to think and believe than it is to think for yourself
  2. The System of the World (public libraryfree ebook) by Isaac Newton, to learn that the universe is a knowable place
  3. On the Origin of Species (public libraryfree ebook) by Charles Darwin, to learn of our kinship with all other life on Earth
  4. Gulliver’s Travels (public libraryfree ebook) by Jonathan Swift, to learn, among other satirical lessons, that most of the time humans are Yahoos
  5. The Age of Reason (public libraryfree ebook) by Thomas Paine, to learn how the power of rational thought is the primary source of freedom in the world
  6. The Wealth of Nations (public libraryfree ebook) by Adam Smith, to learn that capitalism is an economy of greed, a force of nature unto itself
  7. The Art of War (public libraryfree ebook) by Sun Tzu, to learn that the act of killing fellow humans can be raised to an art
  8. The Prince (public libraryfree ebook) by Machiavelli, to learn that people not in power will do all they can to acquire it, and people in power will do all they can to keep it
Tyson adds:
If you read all of the above works you will glean profound insight into most of what has driven the history of the western world.
(What has driven it, evidently, is also the systematic exclusion of the female perspective. The prototypical “intelligent person” would be remiss not to also read, at the very least, Margaret Fuller’s foundational text Woman in the Nineteenth Century, which is even available as a free ebook, and Betty Friedan’sThe Feminine Mystique. But, of course, the question of diversity is an infinite one and any list is bound to be pathologically unrepresentative of all of humanity — a challenge I’ve addressed elsewhere — so Tyson’s selections remain indispensable despite their chromosomal lopsidedness. My hope, meanwhile, is that we’ll begin to see more such reading lists by prominent female scientists, philosophers, artists, or writers of the past and present; to my knowledge, none have been made public as of yet — except perhaps Susan Sontag’s diary, which is essentially a lifelong reading list.)

fonte: http://www.brainpickings.org/2014/12/29/neil-degrasse-tyson-reading-list/

sábado, 3 de janeiro de 2015

A bebida que o ajuda a combater as insónias

Esqueça o chá de camomila e o leite quente. De acordo com um estudo desenvolvido por investigadores da Louisiana State University e divulgado na Experimental Biology 2014, existe uma bebida que o ajuda a dormir cerca de 90 minutos a mais por noite.


Os voluntários – que não conseguiam dormir como deve ser – beberam cerca de 200 mililitros de sumo de ginja duas vezes por dia durante duas semanas. De seguida, passaram duas semanas sem beber o sumo e outras duas semanas a ingerir uma bebida com placebo. Comparando com a última experiência, beber o sumo de ginja ‘dava’ mais 84 minutos de descanso por noite.
Este sumo possui melatonina, que ajuda a regular os ciclos biológicos, e o aminoácido triptofano, substância responsável pela promoção da sensação do bem-estar, explica Frank L. Greenway, um dos autores do estudo.
“A pele da ginja contem uma enzima que ajuda a reduzir as inflamações e diminui a ‘queda’ de triptofano, ajudando a ‘trabalhar’ durante mais tempo no seu corpo”, afirma.
Duas alternativas
Se não gosta deste sumo ou se não o consegue encontrar nos mercados portugueses, existe uma alternativa: O kiwi. Comer dois kiwis uma hora antes de se deitar aumenta cerca de 13% o tempo de sono e diminui em 29% os períodos em que acordamos a meio da noite, explica um estudo chinês citado no site Prevention.
E se gosta de arriscar, pode sempre começar a comer algas ao jantar. Este ‘vegetal do mar’ contem bastante ácido docosa-hexaenóico, que ajuda as crianças a dormirem mais uma hora por noite, explica um estudo da Universidade de Oxford.

fonte: jornal o sol, daqui

O Sol começa o ano com uma mancha no pólo sul que pode durar vários anos


Ler mais aqui

15 truques simples que podem mesmo fazer a diferença na sua saúde em 2015



Esqueça os adoçantes artificiais

Durma o suficiente

Lave as mãos

Petisque mas com inteligência

Hidratação, hidratação, hidratação

Exercício ligeiro

Aumente e ingestão de probióticos

Aposte nas vitaminas B

Corte no álcool

Substitua os iogurtes magros

Coma do prato

Guarde esse tabuleiro

Estabeleça objetivos para o outono

Adote o vinagre de cidra

Repense a sobremesa



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A Rota do Românico leva-nos por por rios e vales de terras medievais


Ler mais: A Rota do Românico leva-nos por por rios e vales de terras medievais